As the Department of Justice pointed out, every one of the banks or their subsidiaries referred to in gold and silver spoofing charges are 'primary members' of the Financial Industry Association FIA: JP Morgan Chase, Bank of America, Morgan Stanley, Scotiabank and Deutsche Bank, as are each of the banks defending the London gold and silver fixing anti trust lawsuits: Scotiabank, BNP Paribas, Societe Generale, Barclays, HSBC and UBS formerly.